John Lockes Second Treatise, of Civil Government Putting...

Lockes Second Treatise, of Civil Government has the main idea of putting sovereignty into the hands of the people, and this was one of the main ideas behind the constitution. It plays in very well, the framers built the government around the people, by making it a republic. On the national level all people are represented, and as it is divided down to state, county, city, etc. the people gain more power. Albeit, there are many differing theories of the motives of the founding fathers, from Gods hand on their minds to the Burkean conservatives they are. In between those are the theories of John P. Roche and Charles A. Beard but those differ almost as much as the God and Burkean theories. Roche thought the founding fathers were†¦show more content†¦With the view point of Locke, I would fully agree with the theory of Roche, for many reasons. In the state of nature, natural law governs behavior, and each person has consent to execute that law against someone who wrongs them by b reaching their rights. But people give up these rights when they enter a civil society, in return they get a community with protection and trust, among other things. So, first of all, Locke stresses the point of trust in each other for a civil society, and in Beards theory he talks about how the framers themselves were distrustful of others and majority rule. But, Roche talks about the compromises each state delegate made when framing the constitution, and that alone breeds trust among them. Locke also believes that when the executive authority becomes too powerful, and no longer represents the people, then they should rebel and appoint a person they can trust. And if the founders are indeed greedy and self-interested politicians looking for personal gain, then Locke would only think of rebelling. But, it is very apparent that the only personal gain came as a coincidence through the compromises the framers made, and they were such a diverse group that none would have the same intere sts to be fulfilled. There were slave owners, and not slave owners, property owners and not,Show MoreRelatedThe Enlightenment And The Enlightenment907 Words   |  4 Pagesaffected the way people understood the role of government. It changed they way they think about the purpose of the government and who should govern them. Individuals did not have to accept despair. Science and reason could bring happiness and progress. Kings did not rule by divine right. They had an obligation to their subjects. Moreover, Declaration of Independence also supported the Enlightenment principles of government advocated by John Locke. John Lockes ideas that people are entitled to theirRead MoreMartin Luther, Thomas Hobbes And John Locke2526 Words   |  11 Pagesthe law. This declaration made by the powerful nations and signed by all nations strong and weak that belong to the United Nations reflects the thoughts of many earlier philosophers to include the 16th 17th Century Martin Luther, Thomas Hobbes, and John Locke. However, each philosopher -based on their times and experiences gave a different value to how men use their freedom and equality in presence of the other in a society, and in relation to political authority. As determinant of his freedom toRead MoreLockes Explanation of Creation, Value and Protection of Property5870 Words   |  24 PagesLockes Explanation of Creation, Value and Protection of Property ‘The great and chief end... of Mens uniting into Commonwealths, and putting themselves under Government, is the preservation of their property’ (Second treatise, para.124). How and why does Locke explain the creation, value and

The Future Of Hierarchical Management Structures Free Essays

string(118) " Creativity in Organizations There are several factors affecting creativity that have been identified by researchers\." Introduction In the 21st century, organizations have seen the need to adapt to changes taking place in the business environment (Tidd Bessant, 2011). One of the factors that has prompted change in organizations is the shifting economy. Currently, there is a shift from an industrial economy to a knowledge driven economy (Brown Osborne, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on The Future Of Hierarchical Management Structures or any similar topic only for you Order Now The current competition between companies has changed and is more inclined to creativity than prices of goods and services. The nature of work within organizations is also transforming from repetitive pre-arranged tasks to tasks that are more cognitive and spontaneous. This also applies to the managing styles and employee expectations. Effective adaptation to these inevitable changes requires companies to encourage a creative and innovative organizational culture (Singh Waddell, 2004). There are many organizations that are being run by the hierarchical management structure, which is characterized by strict adherence to chains of command (Daft Marcic, 2010). This limits the flexibility of an organization by slowing down decision making processes. As a result, such structures limit creativity in organizations (Bilton Cummings, 2010; Tseng, 2011). With the future expected to have a higher demand on creativity and change management, it is highly likely that hierarchical organizational structures shall be replaced by structures that emphasize more on innovation and creativity. Despite the increase in the focus on creativity and innovation, it is difficult to abolish the hierarchical structure. While some companies such as Apple, Microsoft and Google stand out for having abolished hierarchical management structures, such traditional organizational approaches still remain appropriate for many companies. It is difficult for current hierarchies to self-destruct. Whether such structures shall be replaced by an innovative and creative culture in the near future is a subject of debate. In this regard, this paper discusses whether in the near future, management in organizations shall involve nurturing of creativity and innovation, which shall reduce hierarchy in organizations. Some of the areas that are covered in relation to this include changes in the global economy, factors affecting innovation in the workplace and change management in organizations. Changes and Shifts in the Global Economy According to Henry and Bruin (2011), there is an on-going shift from a traditional knowledge economy to a creative economy. Creativity, in this context, can be defined as the process by which novel ideas are created. Not long ago, creativity was confined to arts like photography, music and painting. However, many companies have started to realize that creativity can also be applied in business, albeit, in a manner that is somewhat different from that of arts and humanities. Whilst creativity in business is about developing new ideas, it also involves solving issues that affect the business operations innovatively (Burkus, 2013). The current fast moving economy has made companies push their efficiencies to the limit so as to keep up with the market competition and ensure effective delivery of goods and services to clients. To overcome the limits that knowledge based organizations have in delivering quality and satisfaction to clients, many companies are opting to differentiate themselves from their competitors by becoming innovative and creative (Brown Osborne, 2012). An example can be drawn from the use of technology over the years. For most companies, getting ahead of the competition simply required the acquisition of the latest technology that existed at the time. For instance, the invention of computer technology revolutionized record keeping, communication and other operations. Organizations that acquired and utilized this technology gained an edge over their competitors. However, the accessibility of computer technology has become easier with time and currently, almost every company utilizes it. Therefore, being ahead of the competition in business has shifted from simply acquiring computer technology to acquiring and utilizing it in a way that is creative and unique in the industry. This is points out to the fact that lack of creativity in present-day organizations can be detrimental to organizational performance. Technological development, globalization forces, increased competition, market demand and expectations have all led to the growi ng interest on nurturing employee creativity in the workplace. Some of the companies that have been known to nurture creativity and innovation include Apple, Facebook, Microsoft and Google. Even during the past recession period, entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley continued to establish start-up companies founded on creativity. According to Dervitsiotis (2011), the success of Apple has been achieved by recognizing the crucial role that innovation plays in present day businesses. To attain its business objectives, Apple Inc hires employees that are dedicated to creating innovative and unique products. With reference Jobs’ interview published in The New Yorker by Surowiecki (2011), the company has maintains its competitiveness in the computer industry by designing products that are user friendly to a wide range of customers. Some of these products include the iPod and iMac computer that were innovatively manufactured and advertised, making Apple to stand out among its competitors. As companies recognize the need to be creative in the design of their products and services, they have also realized the importance of creativity in their management. According to Von Held (2012), effective management of a creative workforce requires motivation and inclusion. Companies ought to create a culture or environment that allows employees across all ranks to feel important by encouraging them to make contributions towards organizational development. One of the ways in which this has been achieved is through encouraging open horizontal communication structures. Whereas the trend has been towards a creative and innovative work environment, critics have pointed out several setbacks that creativity and innovation can cause in an organization. One typical characteristic of innovation is the fact that it involves taking risks, which may even threaten the existence of the organization. In addition, outcomes of innovative ideas or changes within the organization are usually unknown. Whilst some innovative ideas have positive revolutionary outcomes, there are also chances of failure (Henry Bruin, 2011). Failed innovations may be detrimental to organizations, especially if the innovation involved high costs. Factors to be managed to Enhance Creativity in Organizations There are several factors affecting creativity that have been identified by researchers. According to Andriopoulos and Lowe (2000), organizational creativity is affected by the organizational culture, organizational environment, management styles and structures, skills and resources. Amabile et al. (2004) argued that creativity is influenced by employee motivation, management practices, organizational resources and group characteristics. Other factors affecting individual creativity include personality, IQ levels, capabilities and dispositions, among others. This section explains how management of these factors can enhance creativity and innovation at the workplace. Employee Motivation Researchers have established that for employees to be innovative in the organization, they ought to have the passion and drive to do so. Employee motivation can increase their passion for innovation if it is managed appropriately. As argued by Daft and Marcic (2010), employee motivation is a complex issue that is influenced by social, biological, emotional and intellectual factors. Therefore, there are several strategies that have to be effectively managed so as to keep employees motivated and encouraged to be innovative. One of the strategies that can be used by corporations to increase employee motivation is communication. While vertical communication that characterizes hierarchical management structures may be ideal in some situations, innovative organizations thrive more on horizontal communication structures (Tidd Bessant, 2011). It is necessary for the organization’s management to frequently communicate with its employees on the organization’s vision. In addition, organizations also need to recognize and reward individual innovative contributes towards the overall good of the company. Rewards motivate employees to compete constructively and as a result, encourage innovativeness and creativity. Organizational Resources According to Yazdani et al. (2011), employees are among the most important resource in the organization. Therefore, innovative organizations ought to hire employees that have the personality and intelligence needed to make creative contributions. . a classic example of a creative individual was Einstein, who made contributions in various fields are . In addition to his contributions to Physics, it is documented that he had interests in visual arts (Runco, 2010) . Other traits that human resource managers need to look for when hiring include mental flexibility, originality in thinking self-confidence and the will to take risks. Time and financial resources also have an influence on the creativity or innovation in an organization. These resources ought to be managed effectively because their availability can either support or suppress creativity of employees (Amabile et al., 2004). Organizations need to establish a â€Å"threshold of sufficiency† within which these resources can positively contribute to creativity. Once this threshold is set, companies can be able to avoid allocating either insufficient or too much time and financial resources. Organizational Environment and Culture The conduciveness of an organizational environment for creativity can be gauged from the levels of employee participation, employee freedom of expression and experimentation and other creativity stimuli available within the organization (Amabile et al., 2004). One organization that has effectively managed its culture and environment to encourage creativity among employees is Google. For instance, the company offers social amenities to employees that are not offered by other companies. These include cafe stations that offer free food for employees, rooms for exercising and entertainment rooms where employees can play several games. Whilst these amenities do not directly contribute to the profitability of the company, they create an environment that allows them focus more on their contribution towards that growth of the company without thinking about how they will cater for these needs while at work. Hierarchical barriers at Google are limited, encouraging employees to work closely and learn from each other regardless of their positions in the firm. Therefore, creating an ideal organizational environment, keeping employees motivated and allocating resources that are within the threshold of sufficiency for creativity are among the ways of encouraging creativity and innovation among employees. The Change Management Process With the inevitability of change in present day organizations, several researchers have established steps that ought to be undertaken in managing change. Reasons that necessitate change include the need to overcome challenges that are posed by the dynamism of the business environment (Kotter, 2007). The need for organizations to effectively manage change is drawn from the fact that it may affect several business stakeholders that include suppliers, employees, customers and distributors. Whereas good change management procedures and practices are likely to improve the brand position of the company, poor change management is likely to adversely affect its performance. Anderson and Anderson (2010) point out that some of the impacts of poor change management include reduction in morale among employees and a drop in the company’s competitive capability. Kotter (2007) suggested an eight-step model of managing change in an organization. In establishing this model, he identified the errors that are commonly made by leaders in initiating change and based his change management model on these errors. The eight steps presented in the table below. Table 1: Kotter’s Change Management Process Step of ManagementExplanation 1.Establishing urgencyThis involves the creation of a sense of urgency within the organization to motivate involved parties to start the change process. 2.Forming a powerful spearheading coalitionInvolves identification of organizational members to form a cross-level team that is capable of leading the rest of the company in implementing the identified change. 3.Development of the change strategyInvolves formulating a strategy for implementing the change process. This should consider all the factors influencing the change process. 4.Communicating the change strategyThe change vision should be presented to all organizational members and stakeholders that will be involved in the process. The most effective communication paths ought to be used to ensure speedy and efficient message delivery in the organization. 5.Elimination of barriersThis involves empowering a broad based action that removes barriers to the change process and targets certain elements of change in the transformation of the organization. 6.Generating short-term winsThis is achieved by setting short-term goals that contribute to a larger long-term goal. Short term wins can be generated by rewarding employees who contribute towards meeting the short-term goals to keep them motivated. 7.Consolidating the short-term gainsCredibility from several sort term wins is collected to create a bigger change. Here, a reinvigoration is brought to the process. 8.Anchoring changes into the organization.Involves reinforcement of transformations made to be part of the organizational culture. This enables the change to be passed on in case of a change in the management or when employing new members of staff. Adapted from Kotter (2007) Even though Kotter’s approach has been approved by many researchers, critics have pointed out some flaws associated with it. For instance, O’keefe argues that it assumes that changes are one-time processes that promise stability if managed meticulously. However, the existing global uncertainty does not give an assurance that the intended goals of the change will be attained (O’Keefe, 2013). According to Anderson and Anderson (2010), effective change management benefits individuals and the overall organization. It benefits individuals by enabling them to maintain or improve their morale and performance before, during and after the change process. It also increases the acceptance of employees to the change process (Andriopoulos Dawson, 2009).Benefits of change management to the organization include enabling it to respond effectively to client demands even during the change process. It also enables the company to assess its performance by comparing its state before and after implementation of the change. Ineffective change management, on the other hand, can distort the transition of the company from its old state to the intended new state. With reference to Kotter’s eight steps, inefficient change management may cause the process to stick in one of middle stages. Therefore, it is important for organizations to ensure that they avoid negative impacts associated with the change process by ensuring that it is managed effectively. Conclusion This paper has presented an in-depth discussion on the need of change and innovation in present-day organizations. While the hierarchical structure of management has several benefits, the need for organizations to adjust to the current dynamism in economic and social conditions has prompted many companies to go for management techniques that nurture creativity and innovation. Some of the organizations that have attained high levels of success through encouraging innovation and creativity include Apple and Google. The shift in the global economy from knowledge to creativity has also been extensively discussed, which also explains why hierarchical management structures are likely to be less evident. Among the factors that have to be effectively managed to enhance creativity are employee motivation, the organizational culture and the organization’s resources. Steps to be undertaken in managing change as suggested by several researchers have also been extensively discussed. References Amabile, T. M., Schatzel, E. A., Moneta, G.B. Kramer, S.J., 2004. Leader behaviors and the work environment for creativity: perceived leader support. Leadership Quarterly , 15(1), pp.5-32. Anderson, D. Anderson, L?. A., 2010. Beyond Change Management: How to Achieve Breakthrough Results Through Concious Change Leadership. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Andriopoulos, C. Dawson, P., 2009. Managing Change, Creativity and Innovation. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Andriopoulos, C. Lowe, A., 2000. Enhancing organisational creativity: the process of perpetual challenging. Management Decision, 38(10), pp.734-42. Bilton, C. Cummings, S?., 2010. Creative Strategy: Reconnecting Business and Innovation. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Brown, K. Osborne, S?. P., 2012. Managing Change and Innovation in Public Service Organizations. Oxford: Routledge. Burkus, D., 2013. 10 Practices from the Most Innovative Organizations. [Online] Available at:http://www.creativitypost.com/business/10_practices_from_the_most_innovative_organizations [Accessed 3 November 2013]. Coy, C., 2013. Office hierarchies – which one is best for your business{viewed on 28th November 2013} available from http://www.cornerstoneondemand.com/blog/office- hierarchies#.Updr99KshsI Daft, R.L. Marcic, D?., 2010. Understanding Management. Mason: Cengage Learning. Dervitsiotis, K.N., 2011. The challenge of adaptation through innovation based on the quality of the innovation process. Total Quality Management Business Excellence, 22(5), pp.553-66. Von Held, F., 2012. Collective Creativity: Exploring Creativity in Social Network Development as Part of Organizational learning. Munich: Springer. Henry, C. de Bruin, A?., 2011. Entrepreneurship and the Creative Economy: Process, Practice and Policy. Glos: Edward Elgar Publishing. Hinks, G., 2013. The failure of ‘hierarchical’ management structures. [viewed on 28th November 2013] available from http://www.financialdirector.co.uk/financial- director/feature/2282581/the-failure-of-hierarchical-management-structures Kottler, J., 2011. Hierarchy and network: two structures, one organization. Harvard Business Review. {viewed on 28th November 2013} available from http://blogs.hbr.org/2011/05/two-structures-one-organizatio/ Kotter, J.P., 2007. Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts Fail. Harvard Business Review, pp.1-10. Kreitner, R. Cassidy, ?C. M., 2011. Management. Mason: Cengage Learning. Lawrence, J., 2013. Conflict in the matrix – the challenges of moving away from hierarchicalstructures. {Viewed on 28th November 2013} available from http://www.hrzone.com/topic/strategies/conflict-matrix-challenges-moving-away- hierarchical-structures/139398 O’Keefe, K., 2013. Where Kotter’s 8 Steps Gets it Wrong. [Online] Available at: http://www.executiveboard.com/communications-blog/where-kotters-8-steps-gets-it-wrong/ [Accessed 3 November 2013]. Runco, M.A., 2010. Creativity: Theories and Themes: Research, Development, and Practice. Oxford: Elsevier. Singh, M. Waddell, D?., 2004. E-business Innovation and Change Management. London: Idea Group Inc (IGI). Surowiecki, J., 2011. How Steve Jobs Changed. [Online] Available at:http://www.newyorker.com/talk/financial/2011/10/17/111017ta_talk_surowiecki [Accessed 3 November 2013]. Tidd, J. Bessant, J?., 2011. Managing Innovation: Integrating Technological, Market and Organizational Change. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Tseng, S.-M., 2011. The effects of hierarchical culture on knowledge management processes. Management Research Review, 34(5), pp.595-608. Yazdani, B.O., Yaghoubi, N.M. Giri, E.S., 2011. Factors affecting the Empowerment of Employees. European Journal of Social Sciences, 20(2), pp.267-74. How to cite The Future Of Hierarchical Management Structures, Essay examples

What Entrepreneurs Should Do to Become Successful

Introduction An entrepreneur is an extremely crucial element in the contemporary business world. He or she is an individual who puts into effect initiative through organizing a given activity in an effort to take benefit of an opportunity. An entrepreneur is also a decision maker and settles on what to be produced, the manner of production, and the quantity of a good or service to be produced.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on What Entrepreneurs Should Do to Become Successful specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An entrepreneur is also a risk taker. This piece of work gives a critical look at the concept of entrepreneurship and the aspects that surround it. Much emphasis will however be given to the issue of how success could be achieved in the field of entrepreneurship. Research shows that there are common qualities and characteristics that can be depicted in entrepreneurs who have been successful. However, t he most significant factor that contributes to their success is their dedication and commitment in their work. Success in Entrepreneurship There is much that is contained in entrepreneurship. It is more than just starting a business. Entrepreneurship entails a process through which people discover opportunities, allocate resources, and create value. Creation of value is an incredibly crucial aspect in business. It could be achieved through the identification of the unfulfilled needs or thoughts, the identification of opportunities that are aimed at bringing positive change. Entrepreneurship also entails taking business problems as opportunities and identifying ways of solving the problems, as well as the customers who pay to have the problems solved. Success in entrepreneurship is determined by the capability of an entrepreneur to identify opportunities that exist in the marketplace, initiating change, and creating value through provision of solutions to problems (Collins 17). To be come a successful entrepreneur, an individual has to possess some characteristics or perform some certain activities. For instance, the individual should be enthusiastic and action oriented. Creativity and dedication are key factors that enhance success in entrepreneurship. According to Branson (102), it is not right for an individual to enter into a business venture with the main aim of making money or profits, but rather a business ought to be engaging, enjoyable, and allow for maximum input of creativity. However, despite the fact that successful entrepreneurs should not necessarily be motivated by profit, they should regard it as a standard through which achievement or success is measured. To be successful, an entrepreneur should value the virtue of self reliance, and to be always in a move to strive for distinction through excellence, as well as favor challenges that are of medium risk, that is, those that are neither too ruinous nor easy. Above all, an entrepreneur should be h ighly optimistic and committed to ensuring that everything is undertaken in the best manner possible, thus achieving maximum success in various business ventures.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Setbacks should be viewed as a bargain priced tuition that helps in getting valuable business lessons through firsthand experience. Shortcomings and failures that have been experienced in the past should not be brought into the present since they are capable of hindering success, and they may even affect the future negatively. Success in the business, on the other hand, should be taken as a driving force towards attaining greater accomplishments (Collins 101). Entrepreneurs should also do the following in order to become successful. One should think about success. There is a need to dream positively be successful. One should have a clear vision of what is supposed to be achi eved. Entrepreneurs should also be passionate with what they do. Passion is crucial in attaining success in everything that an individual does. It is relatively easier to achieve success if one loves what he or she does. It is natural that human beings are more persistent in their pursuit of goals and objectives that regard things they love. Passion in a business venture cultivates patience and hard work which in turn allows for overall success in business. It is a good idea for an entrepreneur to be gregarious. This is because business is all about dealing with people, and thus the need to be able to handle them in an appropriate way. One should therefore be free to share ideas, products, and services, as well as have fun in doing business. An entrepreneur should also be confident. This will allow for effective handling of challenges, and thus coming up with solutions to various problems. Confidence also fosters risk taking and identification of opportunities, an aspect that would not be possible in its absence. To be successful, an entrepreneur should also have a sense of ownership. This entails taking responsibility for getting things done with appropriate care and attention. An entrepreneur should take pride of getting a solution to a problem rather than seeing it as someone else’s. An entrepreneur should be in a position to teach other people how to take charge. The entrepreneur should use individual accountability as an element through which teamwork, profitability, and overall success is to be achieved. As a leader, an entrepreneur should learn to be good at communication. This is because the most significant element in a business is the human element and communication should be used as a tool through which successful relationships with people can be established. As part of communication, an entrepreneur should also learn to listen to what others say. This can be seen even in Branson’s leadership where he considers every idea he gets irres pective of the position of the individual or the circumstances surrounding the conversation. To be successful, an entrepreneur ought to focus on his or her strengths, work hard, and have the willingness to learn (Collins 12).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on What Entrepreneurs Should Do to Become Successful specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Successful entrepreneurship entails a combination of a variety of aspects. Identification of an opportunity and coming up with ways of exploiting it in an appropriate manner is essential. Branding is, for example, a crucial aspect in business. We find Branson taking his time to come up with an effective brand name, Virgin, not as an instant source of profit but as an aspect that is able to bring a considerable level of success in the business. Branson believes that business is a win-win venture. Successful entrepreneurs should go an extra mile in the course of carrying out their business activities. Corporate social responsibility is an example of a concept that is worth investing in. A good example is the involvement of Branson in the process of curbing global warming. Although this aspect would not be beneficial to his business initially, it could contribute to the company’s profit margin in future. Commitment and dedication are key attributes to a successful entrepreneur without which some opportunities would remain unexploited and some problems unsolved (Anonymous par 3). Although all the above named factors are significant in allowing entrepreneurs to achieve success in their ventures, dedication and commitment remain to be the overall factors that drive all other success factors. To be successful, entrepreneurs should dedicate themselves to the realization of their plans, dreams as well as visions. This idea of being purpose-driven allows success to be achieved in all spheres of an organization and thus there is an overall success. D edication allows entrepreneurs to target a goal, determine the objective, refine the brand, and more so, narrow the margin of error. An entrepreneur should be dedicated to attain a positive outcome and be ready to do whatever it takes to achieve the desired result. An entrepreneur should be ready to act beyond the call of duty for the purpose of attaining success that will be beneficial for all the parties involved. Conclusion From the above discussion, it is evident that the concept of entrepreneurship is extremely crucial in the field of business. It is through entrepreneurship that success in business is achieved through identification of problems, opportunities and determination of the best ways to deal with them in an effort to create value. Despite the fact that there are various common behavioral traits and similarities that exist among successful entrepreneurs, it is clear that the most significant reason for success in entrepreneurship is the dedication and commitment exerc ised by the entrepreneurs. This is an element that is associated with a lot of benefits, both short term as well as long term. This, therefore, follows that without dedication of the entrepreneurs, achievement of maximum success in a business would not be possible.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Anonymous. â€Å"Branson Bets Billions to Curb Global Warming† msn.com, 2011. Web. Branson, Richard. Losing My Virginity. London: Virgin Publishing Ltd, 1998. Print. Collins, Jim. Good to Great. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 2001. Print. This research paper on What Entrepreneurs Should Do to Become Successful was written and submitted by user Leyla Ward to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

National Guard Health Affairs

National Guard Health Affairs Background Study National Guard Health Affairs is an accredited healthcare centre that offers medical facility to Saudi Arabian people. The medical complex comprise of sophisticated medical cities that are located in various parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Abdul-Aziz Medical City is its largest medical city, which is located in Rayadh.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on National Guard Health Affairs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The hospital has almost all medical specialties and sub-specialties such as cardiac surgery, dental, oncology among other specialties. National Guard Health Affairs vision is its appraisal as a global acclaimed centre for excellence in promoting health care. Its mission entails providing high quality healthcare facility to Saudi Arabians, as well as other eligible patients. In addition, National Guard Health Affairs provides education opportunity to its employees. Moreover, it engages i n health related researches in order to provide solutions to various health related diseases. Moreover, National Guard Health Affairs participates in community and industrial health service programs that to enhance the health care of Saudi Arabian people (National Guard Health Affairs 2012). National Guard Health Affairs Strategies National Guard Health Affairs has adopted various strategies to enable it to become a recognized international centre for excellence in healthcare provision. The hospital has invested in highly competent human resource in order to ensure that the patient who visit the hospital receive high quality services. The hospital has very educated and specialized physicians such as cardiac surgery specialties, oncology specialties, pediatrics specialties, as well as highly qualified and competent dentists. In order to augment the skills of its highly competent staffs, the hospital offers training facilities to non-physicians staffs. The employees who receive supple mentary trainings and development programs in the centre are mainly the technicians, paramedics, as well as administrative workers. Some of the courses that foreign employees get at National Guard Health Affairs are Arabic languages that are instrumental in facilitating communication with those who cannot comprehend other languages. In addition, Saudi Arabian employees receive English language to assist them in their communication processes. National Guard Health Affairs has also noted that technology is essential for proper healthcare provision. In facilitating patients’ records and inter-departmental communication, the National Guard Health Affairs has implemented a total automated health information system. The IT infrastructure has greatly improved the tracking of patients’ records such as prescriptions and lab results, which has is associated in reducing medical errors considerably.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can h elp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More National Guard Health Affairs is one of the few healthcare facilities that have fully implemented Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and one of the leading clinical information system that comprise of centralized computerized patient records (National Guard Health Affairs 2012). The implementation of an efficient IT framework has greatly enabled the hospital to achieve paperless as well as filmless healthcare organization that is associated with high patient care and improved efficiency and effectiveness. At the present, National Guard Health Affairs is adopting Enterprise Electronic Image Processing and Image Storage in all its Medical Imaging, Cardiac and Dental facilities as a strategy to enhance its technological development for high quality health care. Fully integration of filmless technology will assist in overcoming the environmental challenges that accompany film-screen system, film chemistry, as well as its disposal, which are associated with radiations emissions, which are harmful to our health (Croll 2008). Apart from being highly effective in curative services, National Guard Health Affairs is committed in the collection and analysis of infection control data. The data collected is very essential in risk assessment as well as in putting appropriate prevention and control strategies to stop the spread of infectious diseases. National Guard Health Affairs is committed in facilitating surveillance monitoring in order to control widespread of infectious illness. The centre also facilitates the education of patients, as well as their visitors about individual hygiene and community health initiatives as a measure to manage the spread of infectious diseases (Riyadh 2012). Strength of National Guard Health Affairs Strategies National Guard Health Affairs has very competent workforce that enables it to offer very high quality services to those patients who uses its facilities. The hospit al recruits very competent workforce and provides training programs, which help in upgrading the skills and knowledge of its employees. The competency of its workforce has greatly enabled the hospital to continue growing both in the number of patients, it serves, as well as in the efficiency and effectiveness of its services delivery. National Guard Health Affairs has a very intensive technology. The hospital has been equipped with the latest health technologies to facilitate effective and efficient delivery of health care. National Guard Health Affairs has adopted ERP systems that facilitate patient record tracking, interdepartmental communications, as well as diagnostic processes. The hospital is in the process of upgrading its x-ray departments to adopt a more efficient and environmental friendly technology. The hospital is adopting Radiology Information System and Picture Archiving and Communication System technology that will do away with the traditional method of film screen s ystem and replace it with filmless technologies that is more efficient and does not emit radiation particles.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on National Guard Health Affairs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, National Guard Health Affairs is renowned in its ability to engage in surveillance and monitoring activities that have helped the hospital to be very effective in the prevention and control of infectious diseases (Ahmad Housen 2012). Weakness of National Guard Health Affairs Although National Guard Health Affairs has training facility for its non-physician staffs, the centre does not have a training facility for its physicians. The absence of training facility for physicians in National Guard Health Affairs means that the hospital relies totally on physicians from outside whom the hospital them huge salaries in order attract and retain competent doctors. This means that the hospital spends a considerable amount of its revenue in paying its doctors (InfoNet 2012). Moreover, there is no enough well trained, local and qualified staff. Opportunities of National Guard Health Affairs Since National Guard Health Affairs has learning institution that it uses in training its non-physicians staffs, it should equip the institution with appropriate human as well as technological resources in order to use it in training physicians. The availability of the college is a good opportunity for the hospital, as it will not require investing a lot of money to upgrade the institution in order to be an accredited college that can offer medical courses up to graduate level. By training medical doctors, National Guard Health Affairs will have enough supply of doctors and it will not use a lot of its revenue to source for doctors who it pays huge salaries (Afifi Berner 2007). In addition, it offers its employees sponsorship to go to Canada and U.S. Threats of National Guard Health Affairs There are many e mergent private hospitals in Saudi Arabia that competes stiffly with National Guard Health Affairs. Many investors have invested in private hospitals, as well as many Saudi Arabian doctors establishing their own clinics from where they attend their private patients. There are new governmental medical cities with high-qualified staff that offers high quality services. In addition, the new medical cities and private hospitals offer their employees huge salaries, which brings high turnover of employees in the hospital to the government and private hospitals.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Political factors affecting National Guard Health Affairs The Saudi Arabia government allocated 4 billion Riyals for ehealth programs. This fund greatly assisted National Guard Health Affairs to adopt a comprehensive information technology infrastructure (Acuff 2010). Moreover, NGHA should not accept non-eligible patients. Approximately 50% of NGHA patients are non-eligible in NGHA but because they are, Saudi and they need treatment they have letter of exception to have treatment in NGHA. Economic Factors National Guard Health Affairs Saudi Arabia is a country that has a very strong Gross Domestic Product. Over 80% of its budget comes from petroleum sector. The GDP of Saudi Arabia expanded from 5% to 6.8% in the year 2011. Saudi Arabia therefore, has a booming economy that has greatly facilitated the expansion of National Guard Health Affairs (Emoblis 2012). Social Factors National Guard Health Affairs Some of NGHA customers came from low socio economic class – illiterate bec ause of this NGHA need to invest more budgets in health promotion (Hooper, Smith, Qahtani, Memish Schlangen 2008). Environmental Factors The great fluctuation of weather in Saudi Arabia whereby during the day its very hot while at night very cold is associated with many bronchitis infections. Legal National Guard Health Affairs is instrumental in the Convention on the Right of the Child. National Guard Health Affairs is supporting the enacting of appropriate legislation that will help in controlling child abuse and negligence. Technological Factors National Guard Health Affairs Saudi Arabia health care has high technology. The National Guard Health Affairs has all its hospitals highly computerized. All processes in the hospital are computerized. The hospital has implemented ERP systems that are very effective and efficient in coordinating patients’ information. The information systems facilitate in diagnostic, tracking of patients information, as well as in communication pro cesses (Tech Target 2009). In order to optimize the strategy of NGHA, the researcher recommends for management of the hospital to increase the salaries of its employees in order to reduce the high turnover of its competent workforce to private and government hospitals. Moreover, the facility should start its own training college for training physicians. Training of doctors will ensure that NGHA will always have enough supply of doctors. NGHA has some patients that are illiterate and come from poor background. Therefore, NGHA should extend its surveillance program and increase its education programs on teaching them about prevention methods. This activity was importance as it enabled me to learn on how I can use business analysis tools such as SWOT and PESTLE analysis to assess the strategies adopted by an organization identify weakness and recommend appropriate solutions. In conclusion: National Guard Health Affairs has established efficient and effective strategies that have suppor t its superb performance. The facility has very competent workforce and the health facilities have been highly automated to facilitate efficient execution of tasks. However, National Guard Health Affairs will require starting a college for training doctors to avoid overlying on foreign physicians, as well as topping the salaries of its employees to stop losing them to government and private hospitals. List of References Acuff, K. 2010, Definition of Healthcare Policy. Web. Afifi, M. Berner, A. 2007, Research Policy in the Arab World: Lost in Translation. The Middle East Journal of Family Medicine, Vol.5, no. 6, pp. 148-196. Ahmad, D. Housen, M. 2012, A perspective on the Influence of Health Policy on Health Technology Use Within the Arab World, Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries, Vol. 6, no.1 pp.375-384. Croll, P. 2008, Special Issue: Health Information Privacy and Security, Electronic Journal of Health Informatics, Vol.5, no.1, pp. 1446-436. Emoblis, K. 2012, S audi Arabia GDP Growth Rate. Web. Hooper, T., Smith, T., Qahtani, M., Memish D., Schlangen, K. 2008, Saudi Arabia-United States Collaboration in Health Research: A formula for Success. Web. InfoNet 2012, PESTLE and SWOT Analysis. Web. National Guard Health Affairs, 2012, Patient Services. Web. National Guard Health Affairs, 2012, Training and Development. Web. Tech Target 2009, What is Health Information Technology and Policy Briefing Book. Web. Riyadh, 2012, Infection Control Practitioner. Web.

How to Get a Letter of Recommendation After Graduation

How to Get a Letter of Recommendation After Graduation Letters of recommendation can be hard to obtain if youve been out of college for a while. Many applicants use professional contacts, college alumni, and even long-lost professors to fulfill this important requirement. Using Professional Contacts Graduate school typically is a way for a student to get in-depth experience on a topic of interest and often relates to the current job the applicant holds. As such, a professional contact can be a practical candidate for writing a recommendation letter. Ask your supervisor to support your application to graduate school, and the letter can directly address your workplace skills and how you can contribute to the field in the future, especially once you complete your studies. If youre not able to use your supervisor, you might reach out to a mentor or a colleague in the same position as you to complete the letter of recommendation. In any case, the colleague needs to write about knowledge of the applicant in a professional context, discussing relevant skills such as reasoning, problem-solving, communication, time management, and so on. College Alumni If youre not able to use a professional contact, consider asking a graduate of the school to write on your behalf. A LinkedIn profile can be a helpful resource for finding connections who went to the college in question. Assuming this individual knows you well, you can simply reach out and ask. Provide some details on the program youre applying to, achievements youve had in your career, and your goals coming out of the program. This can help the letter be more personal. If you dont know the person that well, ask to meet for coffee and to get to know each other better. This can be a risky move because the alum might not be comfortable writing on your behalf if youre not close. However, you can ask to still meet to get more information on the program and the college. You may wish to share your resume before the meeting and give some background on why youre interested in the program, and your career goals. Be prepared to ask questions, learn about their experiences, and share your own qualifications. Then you can ind out if the alum she would be willing to write on your behalf. If youre applying to graduate school well into the future, you might consider reaching out to someone from the school to be a mentor. Then youll have time to develop a working relationship and youll be more likely to get a recommendation when the times comes. Plus, you might learn something from your new mentor along the way. Former Professors Although many students fear that their professors from years ago will not remember, theres a good chance that they will, and it never hurts to reach out and ask for a small favor in the long and difficult process of getting a professional career.   Regardless of whether they remember the particular students winning personality or personal details of their lives, professors keep records of grades that will help them evaluate whether they can write a helpful letter on the students behalf. Professors are used to hearing from former students years after graduation, so although it may seem like a long shot, it may not be as difficult as some might think. Even if the professor has left the institution, applicants can contact the department and request contact information like an email address or simply run an internet search on the professors name. Many students opt to connect with professors on social media, particularly LinkedIn, which allows you to reach out to past contacts and stay connected over the years. A student contacting a former professor should mention what classes were taken, when, what grades were earned, and anything that might help the professor remember that particular student. Applicants should be sure to give the professor enough information to write a good letter, including CVs, copies of papers the student has written for classes, and the usual materials. Other Options Another alternative is to enroll in  a graduate course or continuing education course (as a nonmatriculated, or non-degree-seeking student) before applying to a full program. If you perform well, youll be able to ask the professor to write on your behalf to apply to the full graduate program. This approach can also help demonstrate your ability to succeed in the program.

Answer chapter 8 question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Answer chapter 8 question - Essay Example While listening, we must, concentrate on the meanings of the speaker, sustain eye contact, be quiet, send acknowledgement. While reading someone’s message, even then try your best to decipher the meaning of writer. Do not assume anything or draw conclusion if some word is confusing. Just write back for clarification. When speaking, try to keep listeners engaged through gestures and postures and make your meaning and words clear for listeners. Answer: Emotions are driving force. How to handle emotions intelligently is called emotional intelligence. Do not take anything personally. You would face a lot of conflicts but you need to manage conflicts by controlling your emotions by taking deep breath and trying to see the outcome of your would be action as a result of emotions. Answer: We write all the day: on cell phones, on the internet, in a class, etc. This demonstrates the importance of writing. Getting ready to write, writing a first draft and revising your draft are three phases of writing best practices. Following these phases make us write effectively. Answer: Academic writing papers and report are designed to make you do your own work that transforms your skills. But copying the works of other serves no purpose. It is unethical, it is a theft and it is a bar in the way of learning. So we must try to just use the research of other with proper citation and to prove our thesis

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING - Essay Example If the situation is allowed to continue, the company would continue to build its raw material stocks and incur inventory cost on them. The suppliers would start demanding payments for the raw material and in the long-term, this would lead to higher working capital requirement. Finished stocks: While the sales are close to budgeted figures, the finished stocks have increased by 46% compared to budget. The increase in finished stocks means that the production of finished goods was more than sales. In planning for production, the previous stocks that the company already had may not have take been into account. Another possible reason for increase in finished stocks could be return of goods from customers that bought the goods in previous budget period. If the finished stocks are allowed to continue to increase, the company would incur unnecessary inventory cost. After a certain stage, this would become unsustainable as finished goods would stay in inventory with inventory turnover decreasing and leading to higher working capital requirement. Debtors: The outstanding receivables have increased by 50% compared to budget with sales same as budgeted.... Bank: The bank component turning negative means that the company has used up all the money in its account and now has a loan from the bank to the amount of ? 39,000. If this is allowed to continue, the bank would keep charging interest leading to lower profitability for the company. For any new payments to be made, the company would need to draw more credit from the bank or would need to pass on all money received from customers to the suppliers. The company’s cost of capital would increase making investments in some projects less lucrative. Creditors: The liability to creditors has decreased by 77% compared to budget. The decrease in the creditors’ component means that the suppliers have been paid off a higher percentage than budgeted. Because the raw material stocks have increase and the creditors’ component has decreased, it means that all previous credit from suppliers has been repaid and a larger proportion of purchases during this budget period have been pa id off as well. If this is allowed to continue, the company would be effectively paying its suppliers before getting money from the customers leading to high working capital requirement for the company, in turn leading to necessity of raising more money for the company. B) Procedures that could be put in place to control the various elements Raw material stocks: In order to reduce the raw material stocks in the short-term, the company needs to be stricter on the re-order level of the raw materials. If not already defined, the re-order levels for all raw materials needs to be defined with the procurement department and strict adherence must be ensured in placing to new orders. No new orders for raw materials should be made until the stock quantity reaches the re-order level.